I was going to start the year with a review of the 21 Questions and Responses attached to Hoffman’s 2014 Frontiers of Psychology paper. My intention was a summary, but it turned into a four part dissection peppered with links to authoritative resources that give substance to my assertions and the perspective I’m trying to convey. While in the process of sorting through resources, I discovered Dr. Dan Siegel. He inspired me to start the year with something a little more fun, interesting, and constructive.
Dr. Siegel is a Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at the UCLA School of Medicine and the founding co-director of the Mindful Awareness Research Center at UCLA. It’s a fun irony, for me, that he’s another* Californian, who at two years younger than Hoffman and myself has lived the same historical footprint. I find it curious how Hoffman and Siegel were exposed to the same evidence, yet they achieved diametrically opposite conclusions, one confined to the realities we live within, the other a flight of fancy for fun and profit.
Hoffman’s many references to advertising prowess indicates his affinity with Madison Avenue Ad-man priorities and perspective. Creating a perfect vision is a serious goal and profits is the metric of success, regardless the negative fallout. The amazing success of “The Case Against Reality, supports that notion.
On the other hand, from reading Dr. Siegel's bio and listening to a half dozen recorded talks about his work, he seems to me a humanist focused on helping individuals with their actual lives. It was refreshing never hearing the usual red flags of ‘disingenuous self-promotion’ and scientific misrepresentation that I’ve come to expect from Hoffman’s performances.
I feel comfortable saying Siegel possesses “scientific realism”; along with an abiding respect for physical reality; a deep interest in people; a dose of humility; and a realistic perspective on limitations, while constantly pushing at the frontiers of understanding.
For me, Dr. Siegel is an example of “What A Scientist Sounds Like,” and a perfect bracer before re-entering the intellectual mine-field of Hoffman’s Case Against Reality.
After reviewing Dr. Siegel’s videos I felt a need to add a little more physical reality, the biological meat and potatoes, so have added a few selections featuring Tononi and Koch, Allen Institute for Brain Science, mind-blowing microscopy and more.
The Mind as a Complex Mathematical System with Emergent Properties Daniel Siegel
A Scientific Explanation of the Human Mind | Daniel Siegel
Dan Siegel: The Neurological Basis of Behavior, Mind, Brain and Human Relationships Part 1 to 3
Allen Institute for Brain Science
Giulio Tononi on Consciousness
Consciousness: here, there and everywhere? Giulio Tononi and Christof Koch
Video, Giulio Tononi on Consciousness
The Integrated Information Theory of Consciousness, Dr. Christof Koch,
Allen Institute for Brain Science
Allen Brain Observatory: Visualizing the brain in action
Allen Cell Types Database: Understanding the fundamental building blocks of the brain
Allen Institute for Brain Science, Coding & Vision 101, 12-part undergraduate-level lecture series
Brain Expansion Microscopy, Harvard Medical School,
Lattice light-sheet microscopy
Gut bacteria and mind control: to fix your brain, fix your gut!
New center advances biomedical and brain imaging, University of Delaware,
Stunning Brain Map Reveals Tiny Communication Network
Brain Research: New Discoveries and Breakthroughs at UC Davis
(*Admittedly, my residency was not quite a decade long, oh but what a decade that one was.)
{Links embedded within titles.}
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UCLA Clinical Professor of Psychiatry Dr. Siegel is a Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at the UCLA School of Medicine and the founding co-director of the Mindful Awareness Research Center at UCLA.
An award-winning educator, he is a Distinguished Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association and recipient of several honorary fellowships. Dr. Siegel is also the Executive Director of the Mindsight Institute, an educational organization, which offers online learning and in-person seminars that focus on how the development of mindsight in individuals, families and communities can be enhanced by examining the interface of human relationships and basic biological processes.
His psychotherapy practice includes children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families. He serves as the Medical Director of the LifeSpan Learning Institute and on the Advisory Board of the Blue School in New York City, which has built its curriculum around Dr. Siegel’s Mindsight approach.
Integration made visible is kindness and compassion.
Using science to bring more compassion and empathy to this world
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Daniel J. Siegel received his medical degree from Harvard Medical School and completed his postgraduate medical education at UCLA[1] with training in pediatrics and child, adolescent and adult psychiatry.
He served as a National Institute of Mental Health Research Fellow at UCLA, studying family interactions with an emphasis on how attachment experiences influence emotions, behavior, autobiographical memory and narrative.
Siegel is a clinical professor of psychiatry[2] at the UCLA School of Medicine and the founding co-director of the Mindful Awareness Research Center[3] at UCLA. An educator, he is a Distinguished Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association and recipient of several honorary fellowships.
Siegel is also the executive director of the Mindsight Institute, an educational organization … His psychotherapy practice includes children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families.
He serves as the medical director of the LifeSpan Learning Institute and on the advisory board of the Blue School in New York City, which has built its curriculum around Siegel's Mindsight approach.
Siegel is also on the Board of Trustees at the Garrison Institute. … (source)
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The Mind as a Complex Mathematical System with Emergent Properties Daniel Siegel
Big Think, March 5, 2017, 1:01 min
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A Scientific Explanation of the Human Mind | Daniel Siegel
Big Think, March 5, 2017, 55:30 min
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Garrison Institute - May 6-7-8, 2011
Dan Siegel: The Neurological Basis of Behavior, the Mind, the Brain and Human Relationships Part 1
Dan Siegel: The Neurological Basis of Behavior, the Mind, the Brain and Human Relationships Part 2
Dan Siegel: The Neurological Basis of Behavior, the Mind, the Brain and Human Relationships Part 3
At the Garrison Institute's 2011 Climate, Cities and Behavior Symposium, Dr. Dan Siegel of the Mindsight Institute discusses the neurological basis of behavior, the mind, the brain and human relationships in the contect of cities.
He explains one definition of the mind as "an embodied and relational emergent process that regulates the flow of energy and information," and describes the role of awareness and attention in monitoring and modifying the mind.
He recommends using the notion of health as a means of linking individual, community and planetary wellbeing.
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Consciousness: here, there and everywhere?
Giulio Tononi and Christof Koch
Published:19 May 2015
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0167
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Video, Giulio Tononi on Consciousness
FQXi, May 9, 2017, 20:28 min
Giulio Tononi at FQXi's 5th International Conference.
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Mystery of the Brain - Symposium 2019 Talk Giulio Tononi
Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Jan 3, 2020, 44:05 min
The symposium "Mystery of the Brain" was organized in the honor of Prof. Nikos K. Logothetis from September 16 to 19, 2019. World-renowned scientists from prestigious institutions and universities were invited to provide insights into the cutting-edge research in neuroscience and gave exciting future perspectives for this field.
More information: https://brainmystery.kyb.mpg.de
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The Integrated Information Theory of Consciousness
Dr. Christof Koch, MITCBMM, Oct 4, 2014, 1:17:04 min
Brains, Minds and Machines Seminar Series
Speaker: Dr. Christof Koch, Chief Scientific Officer, Allen Institute for Brain Science
September 23, 2014
Abstract: The science of consciousness has made great strides by focusing on the behavioral and neuronal correlates of experience. However, such correlates are not enough if we are to understand even basic facts, for example, why the cerebral cortex gives rise to consciousness but the cerebellum does not, though it has even more neurons and appears to be just as complicated. Moreover, correlates are of little help in many instances where we would like to know if consciousness is present: patients with a few remaining islands of functioning cortex, pre-term infants, non-mammalian species, and machines that are rapidly outperforming people at driving, recognizing faces and objects, and answering difficult questions.
To address these issues, we need a theory of consciousness – one that says what experience is and what type of physical systems can have it. Giulio Tononi’s Integrated Information Theory (IIT) does so by starting from conscious experience itself via five phenomenological axioms of existence, composition, information, integration, and exclusion. From these it derives five postulates about the properties required of physical mechanisms to support consciousness.
The theory provides a principled account of both the quantity and the quality of an individual experience, and a calculus to evaluate whether or not a particular system of mechanisms is conscious and of what.
Moreover, IIT can explain a range of clinical and laboratory findings, makes a number of testable predictions, and extrapolates to a number of unusual conditions. In sharp contrast with widespread functionalist beliefs, IIT implies that digital computers, even if their behavior were to be functionally equivalent to ours, and even if they were to run faithful simulations of the human brain, would experience next to nothing.
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Allen Institute for Brain Science
Allen Brain Observatory: Visualizing the brain in action
The Allen Institute for Brain Science today announced the release of the Allen Brain Observatory: a highly standardized survey of cellular-level activity in the mouse visual system. This dynamic tool empowers scientists to investigate how circuits in the behaving mouse brain coordinate to drive activity and perception, and lays a crucial foundation for understanding perception, cognition and ultimately consciousness.
…
Understanding visual processing is a key gateway to understanding how other parts of the brain process information, and future releases of the Allen Brain Observatory will also explore the neural circuits that underlie more complex behaviors like decision-making.
“If we want to understand higher-order brain functions, we need to understand not just the individual components of the brain but how they all work together,” says Koch. “The Allen Brain Observatory is an essential resource to explore how individual neurons—the atoms of perception—work together to give rise to the deepest, most meaningful aspects of experience.”
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Allen Cell Types Database: Understanding the fundamental building blocks of the brain
Allen Institute, May 14, 2015, 4:34 min
The Allen Institute for Brain Science is taking the first major scientific step to create a searchable standards database for the brain with the launch of the Allen Cell Types Database.
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12-part undergraduate-level lecture series entitled Coding & Vision 101,
produced by the Allen Institute for Brain Science
as an educational resource for the community.
Lecture 1: A Walk-through of the Mammalian Visual System
Allen Institute, 56:32 min
From the retina to the superior colliculus, the lateral geniculate nucleus into primary visual cortex and beyond, R. Clay Reid gives a tour of the mammalian visual system highlighting the Nobel-prize winning discoveries of Hubel & Wiesel.
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Lecture 2: What is Meant by Computation?
Allen Institute, 55:28 min
From Universal Turing Machines to McCulloch-Pitts and Hopfield associative memory networks, Christof Koch explains what is meant by computation.
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Lecture 3: The Structure of the Neocortex
Allen Institute, 1:02:03 min
In an overview of the structure of the mammalian neocortex, Dr. Clay Reid explains how the mammalian cortex is organized in a hierarchy, describing the columnar principle and canonical microcircuits.
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Lecture 4: Cell Types and Computing in the Retina
Allen Institute, 1:07:20 min
The retina has 60 different types of neurons. What are their functions? Dr. Christof Koch explores the definition of cell types and their functions in the mammalian retina.
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Lecture 5: Optical Imaging of Brains
Allen Institute, 58:25 min
Optical imaging offers a look inside the working brain. In this lecture R. Clay Reid takes a look at orientation and ocular dominance columns in the visual cortex, and shows how they can be viewed with calcium imaging.
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Lecture 6: Brain Imaging and Visual Cortex
Allen Institute, 1:07:44 min
Functional imaging has led to the discovery of a plethora of visual cortical regions. Dr. Christof Koch introduces functional imaging techniques and their teachings about the visual cortex.
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Lecture 7: Information Processing in the Brain
Allen Institute, 1:01:19 min
The "connectome" is a term, coined in the past decade, that has been used to describe more than one phenomenon in neuroscience. Dr. R Clay Reid explains the basics of structural connections at the micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales.
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Lecture 8: What is the Connectome?
Allen Institute, 1:13:17 min
The "connectome" is a term, coined in the past decade, that has been used to describe more than one phenomenon in neuroscience. Dr. R Clay Reid explains the basics of structural connections at the micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales.
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Lecture 9: Seeing the World in Color
Allen Institute, 1:11:08 min
What is color? Dr. Christof Koch explores how color is "made" in the brain and variations of color perception including trichromacy, color blindness in men, tetrachromatic vision in women, and genetic engineering of color perception.
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Lecture 10: Learning in the cortex
Allen Institute, 1:08:46 min
How does the brain learn? Dr. R. Clay Reid discusses the roles of development and adult plasticity in shaping functional connectivity. Topics include the Engram, the Hebb learning rule, information theory, structural and functional plasticity, HMAX, book recommendations, and more.
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Lecture 11: Visual Attention and Consciousness
Allen Institute, 1:10:02 min
What is the difference between attention and consciousness? In this lecture Dr. Koch describes the scientific meaning of consciousness, journeys on the search for neural correlates of visual consciousness, and explores the possibility of consciousness in other beings and even non-biological structures.
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Lecture 12: Optogenetics or How to Manipulate Neurons with Light
Allen Institute, 59:07 min
"The visual system is an ideal window into the brain," says Dr. R. Clay Reid in the final lecture of this educational series. A solid optogenetics primer, Dr. Reid discusses how to manipulate neuronal populations with light at millisecond resolution and offers possible applications such as curing the blind and "playing the piano" with cortical neurons.
This full-length, undergraduate-level lecture is the final of a 12-part series entitled Coding & Vision 101, produced by the Allen Institute for Brain Science as an educational resource for the community.
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Building a "parts list" of the brain
Allen Brain Observatory: Visualizing the brain in action
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Brain Expansion Microscopy
Harvard Medical School, Mar 11, 2019, 3:41 min
Combining two recently developed technologies—expansion microscopy and lattice light sheet microscopy— researchers at Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Janelia Research Campus, MIT and Harvard Medical School have developed a method that yields high-resolution visualizations of large volumes of brain tissue.
Their approach enabled them to image an entire fruit fly brain, as well as large sections of mouse cortex.
Read the full story: https://hms.harvard.edu/news/brain-ex...
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Expansion Microscopy Explained
McGovern Institute, Jan 15, 2015, 3:13 min
MIT researchers led by Ed Boyden have invented a new way to visualize the nanoscale structure of the brain and other tissues. Unlike traditional microscopy, which involves magnifying the image, the new method works by physically enlarging the specimen itself, in some cases more than five times in each dimension.
[Based on a study published in the 15 January 2015 online issue of Science. With thanks to the researchers: Ed Boyden, Fei Chen and Paul Tillberg. Footage courtesy of the Boyden Lab @ MIT, Nick Moore, and Julie Pryor]
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Lattice light-sheet microscopy
jasontpkoebler, Oct 23, 2014, 1:55 min
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Your Textbooks Are Wrong, This Is What Cells Actually Look Like
Seeker, Nov 24, 2019, 8:09 min
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An excellent Lattice Lightsheet explainer
minimal , Aug 10, 2020, 20:49 min (wish I could find the original version)
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Gut bacteria and mind control: to fix your brain, fix your gut!
Quadram Institute, May 15, 2015, 1:00:49 min
Prof. Simon Carding, Leader of the Gut Health and Food Safety Research Programme, Institute of Food Research and Norwich Medical School at the University of East Anglia, describes our current understanding of the human gut and its relationship with its human host and introduce the provocative proposal that gut microbes influence when, what and how often we eat and whether we stay healthy or succumb to disease.
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New center advances biomedical and brain imaging
University of Delaware, Apr 21, 2016, 2:45 min
The University of Delaware Center for Biomedical and Brain Imaging houses the first fMRI scanner in the state of Delaware. It has the capability to map the brain in action, as well as to provide remarkably detailed images of muscles, discs, bones and organs. Serving researchers campus-wide, statewide and throughout the region, the center will advance research on psychopathology, cancer, stroke, cerebral palsy, osteoporosis and other diseases and disorders. For more information, visit the website at http://cbbi.udel.edu.
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Stunning Brain Map Reveals Tiny Communication Network
National Geographic - Feb 25, 2014 - 2:19 min
In images that one researcher likens to a "Google Map" for brains, a deep dive into a mouse's gray matter shows how its smallest parts communicate, driving the much larger machine of its body.
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Brain Research: New Discoveries and Breakthroughs at UC Davis
University of California Television (UCTV), Oct 8, 2015, 58:50 min
From new ways to stimulate the brain, to new strategies to monitor and communicate with individuals with psychosis, UC Davis neuroscientists are leaders in understanding the brain and developing new treatments for mental-health disorders.
Dr. Cameron Carter, Director of the UC Davis Center for Neuroscience and UC Davis Imaging Research Center explores the development of novel, effective, deliverable therapies and early interventions. Recorded on 08/17/2015.
This is scratching the surface, just gotta poke around. ;-)
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Post Script
This project in Defense of Realty is a continuing evolution of my personal learning process that began in grade school with copying encyclopedia paragraphs, simply because the act of writing and working over those words and sentences, one by one, helped me better absorb what the paragraphs were telling me.
With time I learned that the act of writing down my own understanding helped crystalize and improve my comprehension. Then came work and family and computers and decades flying by. Then, by and by, I found myself actively confronting the claims and arguments that climate science contrarians, and occasionally creationists, have been pumping out for decades.
Now at 65, such habits have turned into this process of questioning and testing myself by taking on contrarian claims and arguments at face value then working through the available information and seeing where the facts take me. Thus increasing my own understanding and empowering me to better confront contrarian misrepresentation and to counter their claims with constructive learning opportunities for anyone else who might be curious.
Cheers, Cc
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Index
Cc’s Students’ Study Guide for The Case Against Reality.
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Donald Hoffman Playing Basketball in Zero-Gravity
A critical review of, The Case Against Reality: Why Evolution Hid The Truth From Our Eyes, by Donald Hoffman, ©2019, W.W.Norton Company
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(Titles are linked)
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Hoffman/Prakash’s Objects of Consciousness, Objections and Replies
Frontiers in Psychology - June 17, 2014
(2.01) 4/4_Hoffman, Objects of Consciousness, (conclusion)
(2.02) 1/4_Hoffman, Objects of Consciousness, questions + replies (1-12)
(2.03) 2/4_Hoffman, Objects of Consciousness, questions + replies (13-17)
(2.04) 3/4_Hoffman, Objects of Consciousness, questions + replies (18-21)
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(3.01) Diary - But, wait! There's more. Ten Learned Responses:
“Probing the interface theory of perception: Reply to commentaries, by Donald D. Hoffman, Manish Singh & Chetan Prakash"
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. volume 22, pages1551–1576(2015)
Abstract
We propose that selection favors nonveridical perceptions that are tuned to fitness. Current textbooks assert, to the contrary, that perception is useful because, in the normal case, it is veridical. Intuition, both lay and expert, clearly sides with the textbooks. We thus expected that some commentators would reject our proposal and provide counterarguments that could stimulate a productive debate. … (HSP)
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(3.02) Barton Anderson - Where does fitness fit in theories of perception?
(3.03) Jonathan Cohen - Perceptual representation, veridicality, and the interface theory of perception.
(3.04) Shimon Edelman - Varieties of perceptual truth and their possible evolutionary roots.
(3.05) Jacob Feldman - Bayesian inference and “truth”: a comment on Hoffman, Singh, and Prakash.
(3.06) Chris Fields -Reverse engineering the world: a commentary on Hoffman, Singh, and Prakash, “The interface theory of perception”.
(3.07) Jan Koenderink - Esse est Percipi & Verum est Factum.
(3.08) Rainer Mausfeld - Notions such as “truth” or “correspondence to the objective world” play no role in explanatory accounts of perception.
(3.09) Brian P. McLaughlin and E. J. Green - Are icons sense data?
(3.10) Zygmunt Pizlo - Philosophizing cannot substitute for experimentation: comment on Hoffman, Singh & Prakash.
(3.11) Matthew Schlesinger - Interface theory of perception leaves me hungry for more.
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Student Resources - Background info:
(4.01) Rainer Mausfeld: ‘Truth’ has no role in explanatory accounts of perception.
(4.02) Paul Mealing: considers Hoffman's "Objects of Consciousness.”
(4.03) The Case For Reality: Because Apparently Someone Needs to Make One
(4.04) Sabine Hossenfelder: in Defense of Scientific Realism and Physical Reality
(4.05) "Emergence" - A Handy Summary and Resources
(4.06) Physical Origins of Mind: Dr. Siegel, Allen Institute Brain Science, Tononi, Koch.
(4.07) Can you trust Frontiers in Psychology research papers? Student Resource
(4.08) Critical Thinking Skills - In Defense of Reality - A Student Resource
(4.09) Philo+Sophia - Love of Wisdom - A Student Resource
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(5.01) Summary,
explaining why I've pursued this project.
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Dr. Mark Solms deftly demystifies Chalmers’ “Hard Problem” of Consciousness, while incidentally highlighting why Hoffman’s “Conscious Agents” are luftgeschäft.
(6.01) Dr. Mark Solms demystifies Chalmers' "Hard Problem" of Consciousness.
(6.02) The Other Side of Mark Solms PhD, farmer, vintner, humanitarian.
(6.03) Students’ Resource: A representative cross-section of Dr. Mark Solms' scientific publications.
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My homemade philosophical underpinnings.
(7.01) An Alternative Philosophical Perspective - “Earth Centrism”
(7.02) Appreciating the Physical Reality ~ Human Mindscape divide
(7.03) Being an element in Earth’s Pageant of Evolution
(7.04) It’s not a “Body-Mind problem” it’s an “Ego-God problem.”
Feel free to copy and share
Serious, constructive comments are welcome, for this particular project,
at confrontingsciencecontrarians.blogspot.com
Email: citizenschallenge gmail com
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